The Phœnician origin of Britons, Scots & Anglo-Saxons : discovered by Phœnician & Sumerian inscriptions in Britain, by preroman Briton coins & a mass of new history : with over one hundred illustrations and maps

112 PHCENICIAN ORIGIN OF BRITONS & SCOTS

marauders in association with the Irish-Scots,+ breaking through the Antonine Wall between the Forth and Clyde, and raiding the Roman province to the south, whence they were driven back by Theodosius in 369. On the departure of the Roman legions in 411, their renewed depredations in South Britain became so incessant and menacing that the king of the South Britons, Vortigern, eventually invoked in 449 the aid of his kinsmen the Jutes from Denmark to expel them, with the well-known result that the AngloJute mercenaries turned fiercely on their hosts and carved out by their swords petty kingdoms in South Britain for themselves. Thenceforward the Picts and Scots aided the Britons in defending against their common foe, the Anglo-Saxons, what remained of independent Briton in the western half of South Britain—Strath-Clyde or the Cambries? from the Severn to the Clyde, with Wales and Cornwall, and Caledonia north of Northumbria.

In North Britain, from the sixth century to the eighth .p., the Picts are disclosed in the contemporary histories of Columba and Bede, supplemented by the Pictish Chronicles, as occupying the whole of North Britain north of the Antonine Wall between the Clyde and Forth, except the south extremity of Argyle, which was occupied by Irish-Scots from Ulster. Besides this there are numerous references to ‘‘ The Southern Picts "* south of the wall and especially in the Galloway province of the Briton kingdom of Strath-Clyde, bordering the Solway, where St. Ninian in the fourth century converted “The Southern Picts,’’ and built in 397 his first Christian church at Whitherne.*

‘The Scots as “ Scoti’’ first appear under that name in history (apart from the Early British Chronicles) in 360 in the contemporary. Roman history of the Roman military officer Ammianus Marcellinus (Bk. 20, i 1), and they are associated with the Picts in raiding the Roman province (see also Gildas c.19). From the accounts of Claudian, the Briton monk Gildas (about 546)

and Bede, these Scoti were Irish-Scots who raided and returned to Ireland with their booty. See S.C.P. evii.

* *“ Cambries ”’ is used by the contemporary historian Gildas the Younger as the title for the Briton kingdom of Strath-Clyde. See P.A.B. 1857, 49, etc. It included Cambria (Wales), Cumbria (Cumberland), Westmorland and Lancashire, and Strath-Clyde from Solway to Clyde.

2 Thus Bede, B.H.E. 3, 4.

« So numerous were the Picts in Galloway, the people of which were called “ Gall-Gaedhel ” (S.C.P. exciii) that in 741 the Irish-Scot king of Dalriada