The Phœnician origin of Britons, Scots & Anglo-Saxons : discovered by Phœnician & Sumerian inscriptions in Britain, by preroman Briton coins & a mass of new history : with over one hundred illustrations and maps

NO TRUE “CELTS” IN BRITISH ISLES 133 the so-called “ Celtic” languages were called a branch of Aryan Speech and the “ Celts” themselves called ‘‘ Aryans” in race ; and to these “ Celts’ the philologists and ethnologists arbitrarily assigned the credit for first introducing the Aryan language and Aryan culture into Alban or Britain and Ireland.

Disillusionment, however, came in the year 1864, when scientific anthropologists, following Anders Retzius, the Swede, had begun to apply exact measurement to the skulls and physical types of the various so-called branches of the Aryan race, as it had been found that the shape of the skull or head-form afforded the best of all criterions of race. In that year M.Paul Broca, who had begun four years earlier a systematic measurement of the head-forms of the people of France,* published his famous monograph on the head-forms of the Celts of Brittany*—the descendants of the original “Celts” of Czsar and the classic writers. He found that so far from these “ Celts’ being of the Aryan physical type, namely tall, fair, and /ong-headed, they were, on the contrary, a short, darkish-complexioned, and vound-headed race. The next year, 1865, appeared the celebrated collection of measurements of the ethnic types in the British Isles by Davis and Thurnam in their ‘‘ Crania Britannica,’’* on which they had been engaged since 1860, and Dr, Beddoe’s papers. ! This disclosed conclusively that the “‘ Celtic ’-speaking people of the British Isles, and more particularly the Welsh, were also short and dark-complexioned, but with long-heads or medium long-heads and thus were of a markedly different racial type to the “‘ Celts”’ of Gaul; whilst their skull-form and complexion excluded the greater portion of them

from the Aryan racial type and affiliated them to the Iberians.

* P, Broca, “* Sur l’ethnologie de la France’ in Wémoir. Soc. @anthropol. Paris. 1860. I, 1-56.

* Broca, ‘‘ Sur les Celtes ” in Bullet. Soc. d’A nthropol. 1864, A “ La Race Celtique Ancienne et Moderne Auvergnes et Amoric. Revue d’Anthrop., 1864, 11, 577 f.

* J. B. Davis and J, Thurnam, 1865.

* J. Beddoe, “ On the head-forms of the West of England,” in Mem. Anthrop. Soc., London, 1864, ii, 37 £., and 348 f.

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