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CATTI AND CASSI PLACE NAMES IN BRITAIN 209

in the records for ‘“ Redding the Marches” was “ Cayttis’ dyke.”! This series of Catti or Gad names also stretches, I find, in series with the Barat names across the narrow waist of Scotland to the Forth to Hadd-ing-ton and Perth, and onwards north along the East Coast to the Don Valley of our Newton Stone and to Caith-ness or anciently Caf-ness (or Nose of the Caiths or Cats) and to Shet-land (or Land of the Shets or Ceti), where, as we have seen, I find actual inscriptional Ogam evidence for the use of Xattui or Khattur as the “ prehistoric ” name of the old capital of “ Shet-land,”’ also spelt “Zef-land” and “ Hef-land.”* (For details of this series of Khatti names see Appendix III.)

The “ Cassi” series of titles for place-names, on the other hand, is necessarily much more limited, as the Cassi or Kassi were a dynastic clan of the Barat Catti ruling tribe who followed the religious reform of their ancestral priest-king Kasi in adhering to the purer monotheistic Sun-worship of the founder of the First Dynasty of Aryan kings.* We have already seen that the first Phcenicians who worked the tin mines in the Cassi-terides of Cornwall, as well as Brutus himself, were probably of the Cassi clan of the Catti or Hitt-ites, as Part-olon also was.

Besides the occurrence of this eponymic title in “ Cassiterides ’—a name which seems repeated in several of the inland placenames here appended*—I find the following

“ee

ancient place-names have presumably this “ Cassi” element in divers dialectic forms :Herts : Cassio-bury, seat of modern Earls of Essex

near Verulam, the capital of Cassi-vellaunus, with many Briton coins in district.® “ Cashio Hundred,’’ extending through Herts from south to north, and including Cassiobury. Bedford : Keysoe, near old camp and Cadbury Lion and Perten Hall.

1 Glasgow Herald, 24th April, 1923.

2 Gazetteer Scot. 2,715.

3 Details in Avyan Origin of the Phaeniciais.

4 Tt occurs in Cornwall, Wilts, etc., as seen in the list, in places not associated with the tradition of any Roman castra or camp.

5 EBC. Verulam, 119, 251, 253, 257, etc., and St. Albans, 234, etc.