The Phœnician origin of Britons, Scots & Anglo-Saxons : discovered by Phœnician & Sumerian inscriptions in Britain, by preroman Briton coins & a mass of new history : with over one hundred illustrations and maps

224 PHGNICIAN ORIGIN OF BRITONS & SCOTS

colonists were Phoenicians, whose remains and inscriptions from its southern Port Hercules northwards, are abundant, as we have seen.

The approximate date for the initial erection of these tude Stone Circles and other early megaliths in Britain appears to have been many centuries and even a millennium or more before the arrival of Brutus about rr00 B.c., or about 2800 B.c. or earlier. This is evident from the geographic and geological correlation of these monuments to the prehistoric tin and copper mine workings, flint-factories and neolithic villages. These relationships make it clear that these monuments were erected by the earlier branch of the sea-trading Phoenicians, who were exclusively engaged in mining for the bronze trade in the East, and using that metal in Britain sparingly themselves, and not engaged to any considerable extent, if at all, as agricultural colonists, such as were Brutus and his later Brito-Phcenicians, who used bronze more freely, as attested by their tombs, bronze sickles, etc. Whilst the numerous “ Barat,’ ‘‘ Catti’ and ‘ Cassi”’ place-names on so many of their sites and the “ Catt‘Stanes”’ testify that their erectors were “Catti’’ or “ Cassi’’ Barats or Brito-Phcenicians, as were the Amorites.

The physical type of the builders of these Stone Circles and megaliths is obviously that represented by the skeletons of tallish Nordic type found (with some others of the smaller tiver-bed and mixed Iberian or Pictish type) in the long barrow burial mounds, chambered cairns and stone cists of the Late Stone and Early Bronze Ages in the neighbourhood of these circles. And it was presumably early pioneer stragglers of this same Nordic race at the end of the Old Stone Age who are represented by the ‘“ Red Man” of Paviland Cave, in the Gower peninsula of Wales, of the mammoth age, and the “ Keiss Chief”’ in the stone cist at

‘This early man of the tall, long-headed and broad-browed type found at Cro-Magnon in Bordeaux was unearthed at the ‘‘ Goat’s Hole” cave at Paviland, and first described by Dean Buckland in 1824 (Religuiw Diluo.) ; and later by Boyd Dawkins (Arch. Jour., 1897, 338, etc.) andothers. He is named ‘* Red Man’ on account of the rusty staining of his bones (by a red oxide of iron) regarded as a religious rite. Beside him, in addition to

his rude stone weapons, were a necklace and rings of ivory and the paw-bone of a wolf as a religious charm.