The organic vision of Hélan Jaworski

characteristic, but merely an adaptation. The carapace can be brown or olive coloured and there are even yellow or green varieties. Now the intestine is an interiorised organ whose appendages, such as the liver, are more interiorised than it is. In the tortoise interiorisation is more marked than in the snake. The snakes, we have seen, represent the intestines. Does not the tortoise therefore represent the liver free in space, its carapace representing the diaphragm? The liver secrets pigments which can spread to the skin and cause jaundice. The carapace of the tortoise is already jaundiced! It is interesting to remember that the Chinese used the tortoise in their divinations and the Etruscans amongst other ancient peoples used the liver.

The birds live to breathe—as worms to reproduce and snakes to eat—they are the apotheosis of respiration. The beating of wings is a locomotor exteriorisation of the respiratory movement, and birds fly because being full of warm air they are like little balloons. Lungs fill the whole body of a bird and air sacs fill the spaces between the muscles and even fill the hollow bones. The bird is a lung served by organs. If we take a sagittal section of man from the nose to the diaphragm, he is like a truncated bird. The nose is the beak and the cranial sinuses the bird’s skull.

We are now approaching the top of the Biological Tree where, with the mammals, the correspondence between external and internal development is almost finished. With the mammals it is necessary to remember that their shape, habitat and customs must all be taken into account when assessing their significance and the note which they strike in the Biological Plan. The bats, for example, have wings which are extremely rich in tactile corpuscles and are so sensitive that bats do not need to see. In the organism we find them represented in the tongue and soft palate. The uvula, which corresponds to the bat’s body, is only found in man and monkey. The monkey individualises the hand. He uses his feet as if they also were hands and they have very much the same formation. He can be regarded as a hand served by organs. The rodents could similarly be regarded as teeth and ears served by organs because their whole existence appears to be dominated by listening and chewing.

Contrary to what we have seen up to date, the note sounded