Races and nations as functions of the world whole

at any moment in time. Georg Groddeck was one whom Mitrinovi¢ knew personally: he held him in high regard, and he, as it were, superimposed Groddeck’s fourfold view of Man onto the four cardinal points of the compass and thus implied a comparison with Jung’s fourfold view of the psychic functions. Into the view of Man as composed of two sexes, man and woman, Groddeck introduced two ages, child and adult, each having an outlook as distinct from the purely male or purely female as if they were to constitute two further sexes. Such a view of the child as opposed to man or woman is relatively easy to grasp, but to understand Groddeck’s meaning in relation to the adult it is first necessary to go further into what Groddeck meant by adult. He meant a fully developed person. Just as, in Jung’s analysis of the four psychic functions, full development of the individual would consist in having at his conscious disposal not merely his superior function and perhaps one auxiliary function, but both auxiliary functions and even his inferior function, so in Groddeck’s view a whole human being has within him both male and female, and at the same time both child nature and potential qualities of genius. And a fully developed individual is aware of all these sides of his nature. Indeed in speaking of Groddeck’s fourfold view Mitrinovié substituted for ‘adult’ the word ‘genius’, using that word not, as it is so often wrongly used, as meaning a particularly gifted person, but in the sense in which Otto Weininger used it, as a person of more universal consciousness, such as would be experienced by one who was aware in himself of the qualities of child, woman, and man.

It is necessary to realise that any such analysis as Jung’s or Groddeck’s always involves abstraction of a feature or quality from its whole context in order to emphasise its essential characteristic, and to that extent it involves a distortion of reality. There is, for instance, no such thing as pure intellect without feeling, nor is there such a being as a pure male who has no female qualities or a pure female who has no male qualities. Every child is either male or female and every man or woman retains something of the child. But given this limitation a comparison may be made between Jung’s and Groddeck’s fourfold views. Intellect may be more particularly related to the man’s outlook and feeling to the woman’s, taking intellect and feeling strictly in Jung’s sense as

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