RTV Theory and Practice - Special Issue

service in 1931. Today the othen major Chnistian stations include ELWA in Libenia , FEBA in Seychelles , FEBC and Radio Venitas in the Philippines , HCJB in Ecuađon and Tnans Wonld Radio fnom vanious countnies . The founth categony is nepnesented by those domestic nadio stations which bnoadcast pnognammes tangeted delibenately to people in a neighboning tennitony - usually shaning a common language . Such stations ane to be founđ in the Middle East, the Balkans and the Fan East. The last categony is an ephemenal one . Clandestine nadio stations exist in many pants of the wonlđ usually bnoadcasting on behalf of some politically dissident onganization into a countny fnom outside . Sometimes such stations ane difficult to categonize . RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL RADIO BROADCASTING With the pnesent intenest in the development of national and intennational TV by satellite and cable the continued expansion of intennational nadio bnoadcasting is easy to ovenlook . Table 1, which lists stations in oun finst categony , shows how expansion of output has continued. Most of the majon bnoadcastens ane making majon investments in new tnansmittens . What is not ■ shown in this table is how , oven the past few yeans , total tnansmitten powen has gneatly incneased . Leading the field of expansion among Westenn Eunopean extennal bnoadcastens in necent уеапз is Radio Fnance Intennational: RFI has neanly tnebled its output since a Fnench cabinet decision in 198 1 at the end of a peniod of decline . The BBC aften a peniod of nelatively low investment began a modennization plan known as the Audibility Pnognamme in 1979. In addition to the neplacement of olđ tnansmittens in the UK by highen powened and betten designeđ eguipment, the BBC has considenably expanded its facilities ovenseas . Othen impnovements planned by Eunopean extennal bnoadcastens include Spain's constnuction of a nelay station m Costa Rica , to be used to impnove Radio Extenion de Espana's signal to Latin Amenica and to саппу Costa Rica's extennal senvice; West Genmany plans to pnovide mone tnansmittens fon Deutsche Welle (DW) possibly in Afnica , Asia and Amenica . Despite budget cuts , Voice of Amenica continues to implement a $ 1,000 million impnovements plan . Bnoadcasts in Spanish fon Cuba, "Radio Mantr , wene intnoduced in Мау 1985, using VOA mediumwave facilities in Flomda .

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