The science of life : fully illustrated in tone and line and including many diagrams

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THE EVOLUTION

Fig. 154. The five kinds of man-like apes, as adults (below), and as late embryos (above), to show the differences in proportion of the parts. From left to right : Gibbon, Chimpanzee, Man, Gorilla, Orang-outang. The human embryo is in its fourth month, the

athers at about the corresponding stage of their development.

made the same for all. They are all drawn in the same position, to i Of the others, the gorilla has the most human proportions. The

Man has relatively the longest legs and the shortest arms.

embryos differ in their proportions in the same kind of way as do more alike before birth than when grown up.

no such pretty series in our own ancestry as in the ancestry of the horse; but the few remains which have been found tell an unequivocal story.

_ In the first place, we possess a true missing link between men and apes. He was discovered at Trinil, in Java, in 1692, and christened Pithecanthropus, or the Ape-Man. In the weight of his brain (and brain-development is by far the most important difference between ape and man) he is almost precisely half-way between the largest ape brains known, those of large gorillas, and the smallest normal human brains, to be found among Australian aborigines. He possessed huge brow-ridges over his eyes, like a gorilla, but walked upright, like a man.

The figures are not drawn to scale, but the silting height has been

llustrate clearly the proportions of trunk and limbs.

the adults, but not so much, so that the five creatures are (Modified from Prof. A. H. Schultz.)

Then there is Piltdown man, unearthed in Sussex, obviously a man and not an ape, but so different from ourselves as to demand being put in a new genus, Eoanthropus or Dawn-Man. His eye-teeth were large and savage, his lower jaw almost wholly ape-like, and his brain both small and primitive. Implement - like objects have been found in association with him.

Quite recently, remains of another still more primitive genus of men have been found in China. A few isolated teeth were first discovered, which, though clearly human, were so distinctive that Professor Davidson Black boldly said they must belong to a different genus of man, which he called Sinanthropus. His boldness was ustified.

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