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NO TRUE “CELTS” IN BRITISH ISLES 129

Strabo habitually uses the term ‘ Keltica ’ or “ Land of the Kelts ’ for Gaul, which corresponded generally to modern France including Switzerland, and defines it thus :—

‘““ Keltica ’’ is bounded on the [south-] west by the mountains of the Pyrenees, which extend to either sea, both the Mediterranean and the ocean; on the east by the Rhine; on the north by the ocean from the north[westjern extremity of the Pyrenees to the mouth of the Rhine ; on the south by the sea of Marseilles and by the Alps from Liguria [Genoa] to the sources of the Rhine.’”*

He excludes Iberia or Spain—Portugal from Keltica, noting, ‘The Pyrenees chain . . . divides Keltica from Iberia ” but he adds ‘“‘ Ephorus extends the size of Keltica too far, including within it what we now designate as ‘ Iberia ’ as far as Gades Cadiz). 2 He includes Liguria [Genoa and Piedmont on the Italian side of the Alps] w. hose people he says were named by the Greeks “ Kelto-Ligues,’’ or Kelto- Ligurian. % It is also notew orthy that he calls the inhabitants of ‘‘ Keltica ’’ or Gaul not only “' Kelt-ai”’ but also them and their land repeatedly « Galatic,’* (i.e., a variant of Galatia and Kelt) and he in-

cludes the Belgae as Kelts.®

But Strabo, like Czesar and all other Greco-Roman writers without exception, expressly excludes Britain from Keltica or ‘‘ The Land of the Celts.”’ Thus he writes : “ its (Britain's) longest side lies parallel to Keltica [Gaul].’’* And he emphasizes the difference between the physical appearance of the inhabitants of Britain and the Kelts or Celts of Gaul, describing the latter, the Celts, as a short-statured race with light-yellow hair.?

Czesar also, in the well-known opening paragraph in his Commentaries, whilst affirming the identity of the Celta

r “ Celts”’ with the Galli or “ Gauls,’ restricts the titie “Celt’’ to Mid-Gaul west of the Seine, that is to Old Brittany, with Armorica, the Loire Valley,and Switzerland. He says:

“All Gaul (Gallia) is divided into three parts, one of which the Belge inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who, in their own language, are called ‘ Celts’ (Celte), in ours ‘ Gauls’ (Galli), the third.”*

1S. iv, I, I; and compare ii, I, 17, etc.

* Tb. iii, 1, 3 and iv. 4, 6. 3 Tb. iv, 4, 3. « Tb. iil, I, 3; 1V, 4,2 5 Tb. iv, 4, I. 6 7b, iv, 5, I. Taha, Gp, 2 §).B,G. i, r,