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cpasy yMtxß yrapiinaTL papoBHTMXB xiopefi: liepesß ropa. ona.Ti.iii.ift Moxopon mhhobhhkb sanaxß OpHHB 1138 CHMHXB BIIpIII.IXB HOCTOBB BB Kpat mPcto npaßMiejia reHepaiß-rydepHaTopcitoft Kanpexapin, n saHHMaxB ero po 1852 ropa, t. e. po Haanaaciiia reiiepa.ia linSmiOßa mhhhctpomb bhvtpchhhxb ptxß. 9totb Moxopoft ’ie.iOß’hKß 6hab lOpiii OepopoßHHß CaMapHHB* 1 . Hto6m oii/Liiutl cxyacây Canapima bb roro-sanapnoMß Kpai, iiyatuo iipiinoMiiiin. to noxoaceme, BB KOTOpOMB HaxOpMCH TOrpa 9TOTB Itpaft H T't oCcToiiTe.iLCTBa, KOTopHMH 6iixa odcTaiuena a'LaTe.iLHOCTb Hasßansaro iia'ia.iLfiiii;a Kpaa. I [o.ii.CKO-cipiCHCitaii OKpacita, papoMß cb chmiimb ocKopdiiTejßHbiMß npMHHJKenieMB Bcero pycocaro, ptaito 6pocanacb bt> rxasa na itaiKpOMß niary, ne TOABKO BB Itpat, HO H B'b CaMOMB KieB r t, 9TOMB npaipypi ropopoßß pyCCKHXB. Bhblckh, eae™ h khhfh bb Marac.iinaxß, anTCKaxB, rocTHHHHpaxB, —■ Bce 9TO 6hao aa iioabckomb asmct. PyccKift, tto-611 6i>lTl> npHIIfITHMB BB TOCTHHHXB, CnpaBHTLCa 0 piat bb Kaiin,e.iiipijLXß h npiicyTCTßenin,ixß m CTaxß, poxjiteHß 6mb odyaHTßca noxtCKOMy asuay; 3Hanie Toro-sce asMaa neoâxopnMO 6hao, hto-61.1 6htb bb Teaipl., ne npocKyaaTß bb hah na 6axi. <l>paiipy3CKift hslikb eipe ponycitaxca, ho pyccait upepHasnapaxca toabko pxa o6paipenia cb npacjyroK), ec.in ona eni,e ne BiiyaiLiaci. otb nanoßß ho-hoxbckh. Mnoro KopeHiiuxß pycCKHXB CCMOHCTBB FOBOpHAO lie lIIiaTO, KaKB nohoalckh, paace bb poManraeMß cbocmb 6iny. Bo Bcesiß apai Hapyxcuaa ooCTaiioiiita oii.ia iioibcicaa; Ha liepBOMB MiCTi BHPHH 6h.IH lIOXBCItie nana, KCeii;i,3lJ H HHHOBHHKH. EBpeH , KaKB BOpHTCH, iLiyna.iii totb hbhkb, Ha kotopomb ohii momh cbo6oaho odßaCHaTßca cb rociiopcTiiyioiyiniß cocaoßiejiß. lIpaBOcaaBHHH pepitßH iipepcTaßxaxHCß BB CAMOMB JKaAKOMB, HOTTH HHipCHCKOMB HOAOJKChîm BirlcTi eo cbohmb pyxoßeiiCTp.oMß; co6opnaa n,epKOßi>, nanpHMipß, bb JIÎHTOMipt noMiipaxaCß bb noKpHBHBHieHca crapoii, no.Typaapyiiieiiiioft noaTOBOft CTanpin. Hhijh eßpeftCKia KopnMH, CTLipiio CKasaTß, .iiß.iif.nict BeaHHecTBeHHMMH spaniaMn bb cpaßHenin cb HticoTopiiMii cextCKHMH npaßoexaßHHMH XpaMaMH, KpHTMMH CO.IOMOIO. PHMCKO-KaTOjiMraecKie ace xpaMi.i 11 MonacTbipn h paace eßpeftcaia CHiiarorn roppo BOSBMinaan cboh KaMCHHbia, yKpanieHHMa CTaryaiiH h 3Kexi.3iii.ra icpobxh, KaKB oli bb ynpeKß saitptnoipeHHOMy h sarnaiiHOMy npaßocxaßiioMy xropy h ero Bipi. ITpaBOcaaßHoe jiyxoiieiicTßO h aflMHHiiCTpaijia, 3a pifIKHMH HCMioaeniaMii, naxoj,ii.iaci> bb noaHOH BaBHCHMOCTH OTB TOFO H.IH APyraFO HOJBCKaFO Sora Taro HOMtnțHKa, daarosapa Aeiieanioft enat nocji,HHBFO, a HHorjța h nojHTHaecKHMB cbhsiimb HHaro MarnaTa, y KOToparo h bb Abctpîii mifoiie h bb UeTepdypri Aodpne SHaKOjme. llpn TaKHXB ycaoßiaxB —.iiiu,y HeBaBHCHMOMy nepece.iiiTLCa bb roro-3anaaHHfi Kpaft, aßaaaocß j,tJOMB caMOOTßepateHia. 9to BiiaiH.io hath na aiimeaie Bcero, hto soporo KaiiEAOMy nejroßtity. 9to BHaaMO OTitasaTtca otb o6in,ecTßa, jipyseft, o6peitaTb ce6a na HenpiasneHHMa OTHoniema, cTaTB ■iHițOMB kb .nmy cb HeAoSpojKeaaTeatcTßOMß h BpaJKAOIO. CaMapHHB CAt-iaiß 9TO OIIIOCIITe.ILHO Kpaa h noTOiiy ero ne momh nanyraTß t! ace ycaosia bb ioro-3aiia,'i,iiLixß rydepHiaxß, icysa ohb hphȘhșb no npeAiiHcaHiio npaBHTeiBCTBa. CaMapnHß yraxaaß bb J,. P. Bh6hkob4 HCTHHHaro rocyxapCTßeHHaro pyccitaro siareja, KOTOpiifi oahhb na cbohxb n.ieaaxß iilihoch.ib bb apai pyccKoe Atao, KOTopnii bb to apeiia ptnin.ica BO3BHCHTB FOJIOCB 3a yrHeTCIIHIIH pyCCKift liapOAß h noaoacMß npoaiioe iiaaa.io ero OKOHOMmecKOMy, ropHAHHecKOMy h iipaßCTßennoMy ocßofioacAeniio. Zlohhbb BnonKOßa, ganaßß Sansaift kb ueay cayaceoiibiH hoctb, CaMapHHB bhccb bb cboio AtaTejBHOCTb TOTB BJeMCHTB FpaMCAaHCTBeHHOCTH, KOTopuft npeACTHßaaeTca coßepnieHiio nyacAUMB A-ia oâbiKHOßeHHaro miHOßiniKa. C.iyjlioa BB AByXB MiCTHOCTaXB, BB Ilpiioa.TTiftcKOMß Kpai h bb K)FO-3anaAHiixß ryfiepiiiaxß, Aaaa CaMapuny doraTlfimift Marepiaaß jia cohhHenia, nepiiue BunycKH KOToparo naxiaaah cto.ilko myiiy bb Poccin h PepMamH. Hsbljctho, hto K)piii 'l’CAOjiouit'iß ne npeAnoaaraaß orpaiinnaTL CBoe snaMeHHToe iiSAaHie „Oicpaniibi Poccin,“

OAHHMB (SaATiftCKHMB lIOMOptCMB. 01’AaBaa AOaJKHoe HpMen,KHMB BTopaceniaMß BBpyccKyro skhshb, ohb ne 3a61.i8a.i8 h hoabckhxb npHTasaHiii: pasHHpa .ihiiii, ra/iTO y 6aATiftCKaro nooepWKi.a hphxoahaocb OTCTaHBaTB rocyxapcTßeHHO-pyccKia Hanaaa otb neMaBHHCKaro npeodaaAaHia, a bb sanaAHOMB apat Ai.lo IJI.IO 0 KOpeHHOMB pyCCKOMB liapOA'h, HOAHaBmeMB bb SKOHOMH'iecKie h lopHAH'iecKie thckh pHMCKO-KaTOAHnecKOH ni.iaxTi.i ii eßpeftcTßa. Ilocjii 1852 roxa K). <E>. CaMapHHB 6oabnieHe cayatHAß. Ohb 6lmb npnBBaHB bb pexaicpioHiiyio KOMMHCciio no xt-iy ocßodoacxeHia KpecTtaHß h 6mb caMtiMß peBHOCTHHMB hocoShhkomb, cob4tHHKOMB H TOBapHHieMB H. A. MHAIOTHHa, COB.mT.ctho cb kh. ho ne bb KaneCTßt cnyataiițaro. Bb KaiecTiiT. BoaoiiTepa, cc.iii thkb moiecho BbipasHTbca, npHHa.iß ohb ynacTie Tarace H BB xtxt yCTpOHCTBa 6lITa nOABCKHXB KpeCTbhhb, BOS.ioiKeHiioio MoHapmeio bo.tcio na hokohHaro H. A. MnaiOTHna. *Ero snaaenie h pont bb 9THXB AByXB KanHTaALHtHIIIHXB FOCyXapCTBeHHHXB co(snTiaxß BHVTpeHHefi HauioHaMHou hoahthkhMO3K6TB 6mTB paCKpMTa H OH,tHeHa .IHUIb BHO" C.IiACTBiH... OXHO BppilO, ’ITO OHB HC.HOAHH.IB cboh rpajKxaHCKin xoafb, bbhbhihcb sa xt-io, koTopoe xopomo momo 6mtb pasptnieHO to.ibko rpaacxaHHHOMß. 3aTiMB ohb yKAona.ica otb oi|)<J)Hn;iajn>HOft c.iyiK6h, 110cBii111.an ce6a to nyâaHițHCTH’iecKHMß TpyAaMB, to sanaTiaMß 110 somckhmb h fopoackhmb yapescxeniaMß. IJpirniHy, noneMy bto 6i>mo thkb, OHB Cailß OOBHCHiI.IB BB OAHOMB HaCTHOMB HHCBM r h CAixyrouțHMß o6pa3OMB: „Tenepa, iiiica.iT. K)piii ’PexopoBMHB, saxana coctohtb ne bb tomb, hto6m H3MtHHTb h nepext.ibißaTL ynpesKxeHia... nyacHO TBopHTB ne yapeacxema, a Awdcw. TyTB oahhb nyTt: HCiiocpeACTßeiniaro, npaMaro xtftCTßia ne.ioßii;a na ’ie.Toii'l>i;a bb toh orpaiiM'ieiLiioii cijiepi, BB KOTOpoft .111'inoe BliiUlie MO3K6TB xtftCTBOBaTB. lIpHXOAHTCn AtniîTb H otfjKHFaTB JIOAOH, KaKB KHpnHHH. MoaceTß 6mtl, a OHiH6aK)Cb, npHHHMaa CBoe AHHHoe npH3BaHie 3a MaßHyio saxany Bpemchh; noKpaHHeft-Mispi thkobo Moe r.iydoKoe ySisKxenie I '. Botb no'iCMy CaMapHHB npexnoHHTaiß „orpaHH i ieHiiyio c<J)epy“ KaKOH-HHâyxt xyMH, hah compania, moaie niHpoKOMy nonpHHțy, na KOTopoe OHB HMiwIB npaßO HO CBOHMB XOCTOHHCTBaMB. K BB CAMOMB xtAt, 6FO AHHHO6 BAianie BO3AtHCTBO- na mhofhxb h mhofhxb. Kaiicxuii, c6ahshbmncb cb HHsiß, HeBOABHo 6paAß ero ceot 3a o6pa-3eițß, aceiaAß 6htb noxAt nero, pa6oTan> cb hhmb. CaMB H. A. Mhakthhb ne oTpnpaAß, a, HanpOTHBB, FOBOpHAB CB FAy6OKOK) npiißaiaTCAi.iiocTiio 0 BAianin, KOTopoe oaasaAß Ha nero CaMapHHB bb BeAHKyro gnoxy sanarifi peAaKpioHHoft KOMMHCCiH. • Ho xtaTeABHOCTb K). CaMapnna h ero B.iisinie ne orpaHHHHBaiHCb c<{)epoio o6m,ecTßeiiiioii OS<J»HH,iaABHOII HAH HeO(J)(J)HH,iaAbHOH AtaTCABHOCTH. Hah Bipute iphAbnaa narypa, Kopennoft pyccicift xapaKTepß CaMapnaa He mofb orpaHH'iHTbca tPmb, hto6m yitasaTb h, ecAH mojkho, nonpaßHTb nexoCTaTKH o6iii,ecTß,eiiHaro ycTpoftCTßa, 9Ta narypa cb Taitoio ace 'ivtkoctmo ycMarpHßaAa h xaßii.ia OTnopß BCaicoMy noKynieHiio na 3epno pyccKoft ACH3HH, KaKB OHB 6FO HOHHMa.TB, —OTKV.I,iI 6h H nepesß icanyio 6h o6jaciT, oho hh hphxoamo. CaMapHHB —9TO THHB 60H11,a-6oraTHpa, KOTOpMH 06HHMaa CBoe yMOMB h cepxpeMß, Bcerxa bo Bcaityio MHHyry fotobb 6hiab Ha ero oauijiTy h ceroxHa ohb 6hach KaHițeAapcKHMß nyreMß, osshițiaAßHHMH cpexcTßaMH; saßTpa nepoMß, khkb ny6ahh,hctb; enie xa-ite khkb ynenuii nscatxoßaTeAB, KaKB shaocosb h MopaxHCTB; opyjKie MiHaAOCb no TOJiy, bb icaicoMß bhaP hbahach npoTHBHHKB, HO 3aßtTHaa CBHTHHH, 3a KOTOpyiO OHB ctohab, 6nAa Bcerxa oxna h Ta-ace. 9i’a KpHTHHecKO-HOAeMHaecKaa CTpya cctl caMiiH cyiiiccTßeniiijii baomoetb bb ahhhocth CajiapHna: saKaAHBB cboh yMB iiTyieiiieMß shaoco(J)iH, OHB AIO6HAB Cliopbl, HOACMHKy, H ak>6hab hxb paxn AOCTHacenia exHHOMMCxia h coraacia. Kaicß CMOTpt.iB CaMapHHB na :iiia'ienie cnopa, iioacmhkh, CAyaciiTß AynniHMß AOKasaTeAtCTBOMB snanHTeAßnaa 'lacu, ero Tpyxoßß, hm4k)ihhxb noAeMHnecKifi xapaKTepß. InTepaTypnaa xtaTeAßHocTb CaMapHna, npoxoAacaßinaaca 32 roxa, npeHMynțecTßeH-

HO npOHHKHyTa KpHTHHeCKHMB H HOAeMHHeCKHMB xapaKTepoMß. Cnoco(iHOCTb ero kb HCTopniieciCHMß H3CAtAOBaniaMB H KB COIțiOAOrHHeCKHMB Hao.TlOxeniaMß 6AHCTaTexbHO npoaßAaeica bb ero MarHCTepcKOH AHCcepTaițin, bb ero otahhhomb hctopHKO-KpHTHiiecKOMB HSCAixoßaniH o6b o6nțecTßeHhomb ycTpofiCTß'h Phth, bb CTaTbaxß ero 0 it. KaseAHHt, HnaepHnii, kh. Opxoßt, o6b OCBOoOIKXeHiII KpeCTBHHB BB lIpyCCiH, BB IltlCOTopuxß MicTaxß ero khhth „lesyumw, Pocciu 11 . O()b ero ciioco6hocth Ha6AioxaTb h mîjtko onpeaPahte aßAenia o6iițecTßeHHOH hchshh hah napoxnaro 6nTa Bcero oo.ite CBHxiTeABCTByiOTB ero saMinaTeAbHiia cthtbh 0 pyccicofi ooiniurl; (bb CcmckomT) BjioMycmpoUcmen h Miioria Misera „OapaHHB 11 h aPHecMOTpa Ha yt.ii.iM paxß icpHTH'iecicHXß h HCTopHnecKHXB MiiC.itxoiiaiiiM, CaMapnna Bce-Taicn He.iT.3a iiasßaTT. yaenuMß: Hayna (Saxa jia Hero ne ițiiAiio, ho cpexcTBOMB: «Oht> sHaJit ofliioii juhiib lynti BJtacTß, O/țHy, ho nuaMeHHyio crpaciß», 9Ta CTpacTb 6i>iAa dessaßtTHaa h ocsiiopucTiiay npexaHHocTb CBoeii poxHHi h CBoeny napoxy. 3naKOMMH O’ieHT. XOpOHIO CB HCTOpieft H (JMTOMB APyriixß eßponeftcKHXß napoxoßß, ohb ropixy jicexaHieMß, HTOOM pyCCKifi HapOAB 3aHHMaXB AOCTOHHoe Micro bb icyAETypnoii ceMbi, ne toabko 110 oâHTaeMOMy hmb rpoMaxHOMy npocTpancTßy h ne HO CBOeft OH3HHeCKOfi TOAbKO CHAt, HO H HO CBOeny xyxoßHOMy pasßHTiio h BiiyTpeHHeMy ycTpoftctbv, 110 CBoeMy caMOCosnaHiio h caMOosAaxaiiiio. KaKB ciyacaupH 'lejoiiiicT,, khkb BOAOHTepB, npH3BaiiHbiH kb yiacTiio bb coßepineniH bcahkhxb rocyxapcTßeHHMXß petJiopMß, icaKß ny6.1111.1,11 ctb h yieyiiH, ohb hmP.ib bco oxsy h ly-ace pian h sopito CTOHAB Ha CTpaJKi pyCCKHXB HapOAHHXB HHTCpecoBB, paßaa nepeßiCß, BCatpcTßie oco6chhocth CBoero yMa, CTopoi-il. npaitTHHecitOH, itpHTHnecKOHOAeMHHeCKOH. Bo BCCMB 9TOMB OHB COSHaTCABHO H 6e3CO3HaTC.II.ITO CTpeMHACH KB AHHHOMy OCyiyeCTBAeHHO CAaBHHOiJiHAtCKHXB HxeaAOBB. 9th ii r iea.ii,i Bcerxa h BCioxy cocTaßxaxH cyHiccTiieniitiiinyio HOpKXapKy Bctxß ero pianiii, hah, Bipnte, caMH xtnaia 6bixh npHMtiieHieMß na npaitTHitt cxaBaHO(|>HAi>CKHXB Hpefi: ctohtb TOAbKO BCHOMHHTb: ocßodoiKpeHie pyCCKHXB KpeCTBHHB CB SeMAeft II ItpeCTbaHCItHMB caMoynpaßxenieMß, KOToparo hcBO3MOJKHO OTOpBaTb OTB CXaBHHOSHXBCItOM T6O-, — ocßo6osKxeHie hoabckhxb KpecTtaHß CB o6a3aTeXBHHMB BHKynOMB ItpeCTbaHCKOft 3631.111 II CB yCTpOHCTBOMB CeibCKOH HOAbCKOH TMHHIJ, no.ioiicHßHiee cpasy TBeppoe i-ia’ia.lo BoscianoBAeniio noxHonpaßia noxbCKaro Hapoxa, —sartMß pasodAanenia h ynasania, Kaitia cxixaxß CaMapHHB bb ptxaxß npn6axTificKaro Kpaa. IJpn6axTiftcKift Bonpocß, co6ctb6hho roßopa, ckmhmb cymecTßOßanieMß cbohmb oâasaHß CaMapany. t lto ptxaxocb bb Tpexß ryoepuiiixß, cocTaßxaioiyHXß Hainy iipHâaxTifiCKyio oicpanny, —bto iio'ith bobco ne 6mao iisiitCTHO pyccKOMy o6ni,ecTßy po noaßxenia HHceMB CaMapHna; ero HHCbMa 6h.ih nopoXOBMMB BSpiABOMB, Cpa3y lipo6HBHIHMB OpeiHT. BB SaKOXpOBaHHOH CTtllt. SaMtnaTexbHo, tio pante bb thkomb yneiiOMß Tpypt, KaKB H3caipoßaHie ero o6b iesyHTaxß, CaMapHHB Bbiitasaxß iiopasHTexbnyio npaKTHHHOCTi,. 06b iesyirraxT. xamio h mhofo nucaxn; ho 061.1KHOBenHO npn btomb pasdHpaxH npaßHxa, ycTpofictbo iesynTCitaro opxena, HsaaraxH HCTOpiPiecKie (fiaiiTi.i, craiia Bce 9to nopß hhcto HCTopii'iecKiii yroxß sptnia, t. e. CTapaacb OTucKaTb iipiH’miii.i h cxtpcTßia. CaMapHHB bb cbocmb coHiiiieniH „lesyHTH bb Poccin" npepnpHHaxß cobc4mb hoBoe ii Tpypnoe pixo: ohb pascMOTpt.iß iesynicitia coTHHenia, hxb chctcmm, yne6HHKH, iioyieHia, H Co6CTBeHHMMH HXB CAOBaMH BOCnpOH3BeXB naraapno n HeonpoßepacnMO 6e3HpaßCTßeHHyio iesyHTCKyro poKTpnny. Mojkho pyMaTb, tto 3a6ora 0 BcecTopoHiieMß, npaitTHnecKOMß ocyiyecTßxemH cxaßanoiJinxbCKOH Teopin h BH3MBaxa CaMapHna na ero Heo6biKHObchho pa3HOo6pa3Hyio h HHorpa, noBnpHMOMy, ne BaatHyio pa6ory bb BBanin ’-uciia ropopcKoft pyMbi, raacnaro seMCKaro compania, 'itreiia yan-

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