The science of life : fully illustrated in tone and line and including many diagrams
S
Sea-worms, 137, 137, 138
Secondary Era, 197, 465
Secretin, 102
Sedge-warbler, 748
Seed, 161; distribution of, 161, 162; evolution of, 432
Seed-ferns, 215, 435, 437, 443, 214, 420; evolution of, 420
Seeds, 158-162
Segmentation of the body, in animals, 123, 137, 407
— — egg, 93, 321
Segmented worms, 137, 145, 406
Selaginella, 431, 432
Selection, and change of race, 370 ; by man, 228-930, 287-290 ; in evolution (See Natural selection) ; sexual, 373, 738
Self-fertilization in plants, 160
Selous, Edmund, 738
Sematic colours, 569
Seminal vesicle, 91
Semfli-vertebrates, 117, 119
Semmelweis (1818-1865), 632
Senility, 88, 99, 330; of evolving races, 382 ; precocious, 330
Senility and races, 382 ; precocious, 330
Sensation, 71-75, 664; internal, 74; of position and movement,
1-82
Sense-organs, 71-84; evolution of, 664-670; irritability as common basis of, 664; limitations of, 690
Sepia, 133
Sequoia gigantea, 89
Sertularia, 151
Sex, and marriage in primitive man, 859-863; conduct in relation to, 834-837; control of, 338-339 ; determination of, 337-349, 338; evolutionary significance of, 362-363; importance in psychology, 812 ; intermediates, 347-349; mnormal causation of, 337-338; reversal of, 346. See Reproduction Sexes, proportion of the, 338-340, 340
Sex-hormones, 344-346
Sexless reproduction. duction
Sex-linked inheritance, 341-343, 342
Sex-mosaics, 343 ; butterflies produced by shock, 344
Sexual aberrations in fowls, 346
Sexual fetishism, 809
— selection, 373
Sexuality, evasions and replacements of, 274-275
Seymouria, 449
Shark, 116; basking, 116, 514
Shaw, George Bernard, 262, 263, 266, 384, 385
Sheep, 110, 140, 609, 610, 141, 564 ; an abnormally developed, 316
Shell-shock, 806
Shetland Islands; 374
“ Shine-by-Night,” 512
Shipworm, 529
Shock on pregnancy, influence of, 312
894
See Repro-
INDEX
Short-sightedness, cause of, 298
Shrew, flying, 565 ; jumping (brain of), 767
Shrew-mouse, I11
Shrimp, 124, 527
Siberia, 200, 233, 241, 590, 602
Sicily, 488, 494, 537 .
Sight, 78; in bees, 714; in dogs, 780; in fishes, 727. See also Eye
Silurian period, 197, 415, 416, 418, 424, 425, 429, 198, 420
Simocephalus, 408
Simpson, Sir James Young (18111870), 613
Sinai, 540
Sinanthropus, 251, 252, 485; skull of sub-man, 252, 859
Singer, Dr. Charles, 629
539; 549;
Single-celled life, 167-174, 176, 401, 402
Siphonophore, 150, 407, 415, 514, 520
Sirenians, 471
Sivatherium, 471
Sizes, of organisms, 562-568, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568; of ultramicroscopic particles, 396
Skate, 116
Skeleton, development of, 319; human, 24-28, 25, 26. 27: of dog, 106; of gorilla, 250: of
lobster, 121; of vertebrates, 108, 424, 220, 221; strength of, 566
Skin, 59-62, 649; and temperature regulation, 61-62, 649; of amphibians, 115, 671; of coloured races, 299-300, 354, 357; of fishes, 424; sunburn of, 357; 651
Skink, 114
Skua, 547, 548, 594
Skull, Broken Hill, 493
Skunk, 637
Sleep, nature of, 780-783
Sleeping-sickness, 172, 612, 625, 568
Sleepy sickness, 625
Slime-fungi (slime-moulds), 173, 178-180, 271, 179, 180
Slipper animalcule, 683, 683, 684 ; behaviour of, 683-686
Sloth, 111, 236, 383, 237, 238
Slow-worm, 114
Sludge-worms, 535
Slug, 131
Smallest living things, 185-186
Smallpox, 623, 625, 630-631, 653
Smell, 75 ; in bees, 715; in dogs, 780 ; in fishes, 727; in moths, 694; in primitive mammals, 766
Smelt, 536
Smilodon, 383, 384
Smith, Héléne, medium, 805
— Prof. Elliot, 766
— William (1769-1839), 195, 199
Snails, 130, 131, 671, 565, 566
Snakes, ancestral stock of, 449 ; extinct, 564
Snapdragon, 376
Snipe, 609, 739
Snow-leopard, 550
556, 609.
S
Solar disturbances and terrestrial life, relation between, 602
Solar plexus, 68
Soldanella, 548
Solenhofen, 201, 212
Solomon Islands, 870
Solomon’s seal, 586
Solutrean culture, 494
Soma, 281 ; germ-plasm and, 355
Somerville, Dr., 6, 7
Song-thrush, 565
Soot, and health, 646; amount deposited in modern towns, 646 ; defences against, 42
Soredia, 177
South Africa, 599
— America, 206, 209, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, : 470; 472, 475, 476, 490, 534, 541, 544, 574; 599, 629; characteristic animals of, 238, 243
— American ungulates, primitive stock of, 471
— Georgia, 549
Spain, 488, 491, 494, 629
Spallanzani, Abbé, 613
Spanish Bayonet, 464, 692
— moss, 546
Sparrow, English, 364, 367, 610
— migration of the fox, 490
Spartina townsendii, 589
Species, chemical basis of, 21 meaning of, 105, 230-23 origin of. See Evolution
Speech, 792, 857; fundamental processes of, 773-774: parts of brain concerned in, 769
Sperm, human, 567, 568
Spermatophytes, 162
Spermatozoa, 90, 91, 92, 272, 340; of ferns and mosses, 163
Sperms. See Spermatozoa
Sperm-whale, 519, 471
Spherium, 535
Sphenodon, 114
Sphenophyll, 443
Sphex, 696
Spheerulia bombi, 140
Spider, 126, 566, 695, 420
Spider-crab, 524, 562, 511, 564; gamete of, 273 ; instinct of, 682
Spinal cord, 26, 108, 721, 24, 721
Spiracle, 107
Spirochetes, 182
Spirogyra, 174, 402, 403
Spirula, 514
Spisula, 527
Spitsbergen, 437, 442, 460, 3 490, 510, 547; 548, 549, 584; 591s 595
Spleen, 65
Sponge, reproduction of, 270, 270
Sponges, 152-153, 153, 270, 447
Spongilla, 270
Spontaneous generation, 5, 267, 268
Spores, 271 ; evolution of, in plants, 428-434; of bacteria, 181 ; of ferns and mosses, 162, 163, 164; of fungi, 180
Sporogonium, 164
Sporozoa, 172, 626, 402
Spring-tails, 584
Spurge, 541
Squat-lobster, gamete of, 273
DED.
234, 444,
Ow