Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu

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НЕКА ХЕГЕЛОВА СХВАТАЊА О ДРЖАВИ И СВОЈИНИ

ставе и „гражданское общество” и частную собственность. Маркс, переработав и развив то прогрессивное, что содержалось в трудах Гегеля, в своем учении сделал выводы из этих противоречий Гегеля, выдвиндв учение о коллективной общественной собственности и интегральном человеческом обществе, являющимся результатом революционных преобразований.

SUMMARY Some Hegel’s ideas on State and Ownership Hegel mostly wrote about state and jurisprudence in his book »Fundaments of philosophy of Law«. His concepts of state, law and ownership dovetail into his general philosophic propositions. Contrary to the toeoreticians of natural law, who consider state as an artificial creation of man, a result of the social convention, Hegel finds that state is an organism and supreme phase of social development; it is at the same time the supreme phase of the development of an absolute spirit that moves both through nature and society under the same laws of dialectics. State incorporates in its totality of peculiarity, different spiritual, moral and voluntary partialities, and limitations, it means merger of particular interests with general ones. In the state the individual achieves the greatest degree of freedom, which does not imply possibility of arbitrary behaviour, or possibility of chosing, but coincidence of powers and duties of individuals in the totality of spirit. Ownership is not appropriation of external objects, the latter only a consequence of ownership. Ownership is an alienated spiritual sphere, external and therefore incomplete freedom and will of individuals; contract is the consequence of such a concept of ownership. »Civic society« is founded on ownership and contract, an apparent unity with the purpose to satisfy selfish human needs. If compared with »substantial« state, »civic society« is a lower phase of society. Hegel’s contradiction lies in his belief that dieal state has been already achieved in the then Prussia, which although at that time more progressive than other states in Europe, was in fact a feudal and obsolute monarchy encompassing both the »civic society« and private ownership. Marx, inspired by Hegel, drew the consequences of Hegel’s contradictions in bis teachings of collective all-social ownership and integral, universal human society as the result of revolutionary movements. RÉSUMÉ Quelques conceptions de Hegel sur l'état et sur la propiélé Hegel a principalement traité la question de l’Etat et du droit dans son oeuvre »Précis de Philosophie du droit«. Ses conceptions de l’Etat, du droit et de la propriété s’enchâssent dans ses conceptions philosophiques générales. Contrairement aux théoriciens du droit naturel qui considèrent l’Etat comme une oeuvre artificielle, comme résultat du contrat social, Hegel considère que l’Etat est un organisme et la plus haute phase du développement social, il est en même temps la plus haute phase du développement de l’esprit social qui évolue à travers la nature et à travers la société d’après les mêmes lois de la dialectique. L’Etat unifie dans son sein dans sa totalité les particularités et les différents éléments partiels et limitatifs spirituels, moraux et de volition, il signifie l’unification des intérêts particuliers avec l’intérêt général. Dans l’Etat l’individu réussit à atteindre le plus haut degré de liberté, ce qui ne veut pas dire qu’on peut faire ce qu’on veut, ni la possi-